The pancreas produces pancreatic juice rich in enzymes to break down and digest food.If the pancreatic ducts are blocked, the enzymes produced are delayed and begin to break down the organ itself, causing inflammation and pancreatitis.Pancreatitis is a common disease in the modern world.A person living an unhealthy lifestyle is more susceptible to disease than others: smoking, abusing alcohol, eating junk food.The causes of the disease are various:
- Drink alcohol.
- Poor nutrition, overeating.
- Abdominal injuries.
- Infectious diseases of the digestive system.
- Gallstone disease.
- Parasites.
- Taking certain medications and allergic reactions.
- Postoperative complications (about 5%).
It is necessary to eliminate the factors affecting the development of the disease.In special cases, when pancreatitis is the result of an injury or another disease, for example, gallstones, treatment is possible.
Basic nutrition for pancreatitis
Unfortunately, it is often impossible to completely cure, but there are chances to stop the destruction of the pancreas and try to reduce recurrences.Nutrition is of great importance for pancreatitis of the pancreas.The acute condition is eliminated by drugs;diet food remains the main thing.
The main principle of nutrition for pancreatitis is not to burden the pancreas.Try to reduce enzyme production.Food should be easily digested without causing fermentation.You need to eat often, in small portions.A smaller portion means less burden on the diseased organ.During exacerbation, frequent divided meals are excluded.The less and less one eats, the better.Meal breaks reach 12 hours.Warm, soft consistency food is taken for pancreatitis.
It is important for a patient with pancreatitis to learn in detail what should not be consumed, what foods should be avoided during pancreatitis and what foods are allowed to be eaten.
Authorized Products
- Dried bread or crackers.
- Dietary meat: lean beef, rabbit, chicken and turkey white part.
- Dairy products: milk, low-acid cottage cheese and yogurt.It is necessary to control the fat content of the product.Cottage cheese is preferably low-fat, not more than 2%.It is advisable to exclude fermented baked milk, sour cream and cream.
- Lean fish.Preferably cod.
- Cereal and any pasta.
- Vegetables that do not cause strong gas formation.Carrots, potatoes, beets, pumpkins, pumpkins.
- Fruits: only green apples, pears, bananas, avocados, dates.It is recommended to cook the fruits.
- Weak teas, dried fruit or berry compotes.
Prohibited Products
- Alcohol.During the diet, even low-alcohol drinks will have to be completely excluded!
- Chocolate, sugar, desserts, cakes, sweets, baked goods and other products that contain a lot of sugar.
- Pork and red fish.
- Spices, seasonings, salt, smoked meat.
- Fermented vegetables: white cabbage, radish, onion, garlic, spinach, radish.
- Fruits: grapes, red apples, citrus fruits, peaches, plums.
- Coffee, strong black or green tea, cocoa, carbonated drinks, packaged juices.
- Cereals and porridges: millet, pearl barley, corn.
- Legumes, mushrooms, nuts.
Small relaxations are allowed during the remission period.For example, it is acceptable to drink weak coffee with milk.Use low-fat sour cream, olive or linseed oil for dressing.
Soups that stimulate gastric secretion are not recommended for pancreatitis.But outside of exacerbation, it is allowed to eat soup with vegetable broth.A spoonful of honey for dessert will not hurt.
Despite the small variety of food products for pancreatitis, a well-designed menu makes the diet diverse.
Type of pancreatitis and nutrition
Pancreatitis is classified according to the nature of the disease:
- Acute pancreatitis.
- Chronic pancreatitis.
Depending on the type, appropriate treatment and diet prepared by the doctor is prescribed.
Acute pancreatitis is treated in a hospital setting.This is a serious condition and can be fatal without immediate medical attention.In acute pancreatitis, in addition to surgical intervention, the following conditions must be met:
- Bed rest.
- Depression of pancreatic function.
- Drug treatment.
- Starvation diet.
Fasting is indicated during exacerbation of pancreatitis.A fasting diet can last up to three days.A person should drink 1.5-2 liters of liquid - mineral water will do, gas should be released, weak black or green tea or rose hip infusion, just plain water.If the patient's condition is severe, fasting is extended to seven days, food is given intravenously.
Immediately after fasting, the diet for acute pancreatitis should be soft.It is allowed to eat oatmeal, slimy soup, boiled rice.The main rule during exacerbation is the gradual introduction of food.In the first days, food is low-calorie, slimy, does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract.Volume and calorie content increase as recovery progresses.
After the acute stage, the disease becomes chronic.Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by low-grade inflammation and periodic pain.Attacks are triggered by alcohol intake and irritating foods.
Diet for pancreatitis of the pancreas should remain for life to prevent frequent relapses and reduce pain.The diet should contain plant and animal protein.But the amount of fat is reduced to the limit.Be careful with carbohydrates.The diet for chronic pancreatitis is carefully prepared so that the patient receives the necessary nutrients, despite the small list of allowed foods.In addition, vitamins can be prescribed.
Therapeutic diet for pancreatitis
How to eat correctly during pancreatitis in order not to damage the pancreas?
Soviet doctors also developed a special therapeutic diet for patients with pancreatitis.This is called Pevzner diet #5.And although dietary therapy has changed over the years, therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis is still based on diet number 5.During exacerbation, Pevzner's diet No. 5p is prescribed.
The diet for chronic pancreatitis is quite diverse.Diet number 5 allows milk sausage and doctor's sausage.Although, given modern realities, it is better to give up sausages.If you like, try making your own sausages.First, before diet food becomes a habit, it is better to create a menu for the week and buy the necessary products according to the list.You should avoid unnecessary trips to the store in anticipation of the possibility of buying a prohibited product.
Weekly menu for pancreatitis
First day:
- Breakfast: Finely ground oatmeal, boil until viscous.Weak green tea.
- Snack: Yogurt.
- Lunch: steamed turkey cutlets with mashed potatoes, berry compote.
- Snack: baked green apple.
- Dinner: pumpkin porridge with semolina, weak black tea.
- Before going to bed: low-fat cottage cheese.
Second day:
- Breakfast: steamed omelette or in the oven, hip infusion.
- Snack: Boiled carrots with a minimum amount of oil.
- Lunch: Vegetable puree soup.Crackers.Add a spoonful of vegetable oil.Dried fruit compote.
- Snack: Cheese sandwich, weak green tea.
- Dinner: Boiled cauliflower, steamed fish fillet.Pour 10% sour cream on top.
- Before going to bed: Yogurt.
Third day:
- Breakfast: Rice porridge with milk, boiled rice, milk diluted with water.Weak black tea.
- Snack: cottage cheese stew made with semolina.Add a spoonful of honey.
- Lunch: Lean beef pasta and steamed meatballs.Dried fruit compote.
- Snack: baked pear.
- Dinner: Buckwheat soup with milk.Green tea.
- Before going to bed: Yogurt.
Fourth day:
- Breakfast: oatmeal, black tea.
- Snack: Boiled or baked beets.
- Lunch: Steamed chicken fillet, vegetable stew with hips.
- Snack: lean bread, jelly.
- Dinner: Vermicelli soup with milk.
- Before going to bed: kefir.
Day five:
- Breakfast: Steamed omelet, black tea.It is convenient to cook an omelet in a bag.Pour the raw mixture into a food bag, seal it tightly and put it in boiling water.Omelet is cooked much faster than steam without losing its properties.
- Snack: Yogurt.
- Lunch: vegetable soup with meatballs (meatballs are prepared separately), compote.
- Snack: Butter and avocado sandwich, hip.
- Dinner: Buckwheat with steamed cutlets, jelly.
- Before going to bed: low-fat cottage cheese.
Sixth day:
- Breakfast: semolina porridge boiled in water, weak coffee with milk.
- Snack: green apple fruit jelly.
- Lunch: Pumpkin puree soup, you can add some milk, compote.
- Snack: Yogurt.
- Dinner: turkey or chicken fillet, rice with hips.
- Before going to bed: fruit jelly.
Seventh day:
- Breakfast: Buckwheat milk soup.Milk is preferably diluted.
- Snack: banana.
- Lunch: Vermicelli, steamed rabbit cutlets, compote.
- Snack: cottage cheese stew, honey spoon.
- Dinner: steamed vegetables, tea.
- Before going to bed: Yogurt.
An approximate menu for chronic pancreatitis is described;it is possible to diversify the list with allowed products.The main thing is to follow the conditions:
- It is advisable to eat food from the region where you live.Exotic fruits and vegetables are not good for you;they are brought to green stores.
- Compotes are made from dried fruits with the addition of berries: lingonberries, blueberries, black currants.It is not allowed to drink fruit juice very often.Remember - the concentration of the drink is higher than compote and can irritate the mucous membranes.
- Products undergoing heat treatment should be boiled or steamed.Vegetables and fruits are eaten only in cooked form.
- Products for pancreatitis should be fresh and of high quality.The body of a healthy person can cope with sour cottage cheese or soup for a week.During inflammation of the pancreas, such a diet will lead to an exacerbation of the disease.
Weekly menu for pancreatitis after exacerbation
After an exacerbation, it is necessary to carefully introduce foods, starting with a small amount of calories and gradually increasing to normal.In the first week, food is poor.You need to monitor your condition after eating;if it gets worse, be sure to see a doctor.
The first day after fasting:
- Dried bread and jelly.
- Continue to drink plenty of fluids.
Second day:
- Thick rice soup.
- Dried bread or crackers.
- Weak black tea, rose infusion, jelly.
- Continue to drink plenty of fluids.
Third day:
- Breakfast: Oatmeal, thin, slimy consistency, cooked in water.
- Lunch: Liquid mashed potatoes.
- Dinner: Rusks.Weak black tea or hip tea.
Fourth day:
- Breakfast: semolina porridge on water.
- Lunch: Liquid mashed potatoes.
- Dinner: Biscuit.Kissel.
Day five:
- Breakfast: Buckwheat milk soup.
- Dinner: vegetable puree from potatoes and carrots.
- Dinner: Biscuit.Compote.
Sixth day:
- Breakfast: protein omelette.
- Lunch: rice soup.
- Dinner: Pumpkin and pumpkin vegetable puree.Black tea.
Seventh day:
- Breakfast: Oatmeal cooked with condensed milk.
- Lunch: Vegetable stew, steamed turkey meatballs.
- Dinner: low-fat cottage cheese.Green tea.
- Before going to bed: oatmeal jelly.
- Gradually, within 10-14 days, a return to the main diet occurs.
Consequences of not following the diet
If a person ignores his condition and does not follow proper nutrition during pancreatitis, such behavior is fraught with constant exacerbations.Chronic recurrent pancreatitis is a dangerous condition of the pancreas.Continuously developing disease increases the area of cellular damage, leads to complete atrophy of the organ and the development of accompanying diseases - cholecystitis, gastric ulcer, dangerous diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
The diet of patients with pancreatitis is the basis for a long, quality life.